ABSTRACT
Background: Metabolic syndrome is becoming an important public health problem in affluent societies. Aim: To identify factors associated to metabolic syndrome in a Southern Chilean city. Material and methods: Using a case control design, 200 participants, aged 35 to 70 years with at least three criteria for metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP_ATPIII) and 200 subjects with less than three criteria, were studied. Both groups were compared in terms of ethnic background, educational level, family history of diabetes and coronary artery disease, menopausal status, smoking, stress and depression, physical activity, changes in body mass index in the last five years and diet. Results: Among subjects aged more than 54 years, among males and among overweight individuals, having a Mapuche origin was a risk factor with odds ratios (OR) of 7.2; 88 and 3.9 respectively. Among subjects aged more than 54 years, among women and among overweight individuals, a family history of diabetes was a risk factor with OR of 17.7; 3.2 and 3.9 respectively. Among subjects aged more than 54 years and among women a change in body mass index of more than three points was a risk factor with OR of 12.5 and 7.4, respectively. Depression also was a risk factor among subjects aged more than 54 years (OR 3.3). Regular consumption of wine was a protective factor among participants of more than 54 years, with an OR of 0.17. Conclusions: The risk factors for metabolic syndrome detected in this group of participants, were having a Mapuche origin, a family history of diabetes mellitus and depression. Wine consumption was associated with a lower risk.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Age Factors , Case-Control Studies , Chile/epidemiology , Chile/ethnology , Depression/psychology , Diabetes Mellitus , Metabolic Syndrome/ethnology , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Metabolic Syndrome/psychology , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
En este artículo se definen y analizan aspectos teóricos y de aplicación práctica acerca del tema de la validez de la medición. La validez de la medición es una propiedad que define si un instrumento valora efectivamente lo que dice medir, determinando la real utilidad y relevancia de la información obtenida en un contexto clínico o en estudios científicos. La validez es específica de la medición y de la población objetivo, y requiere como prerrequisito de un grado razonable de confiabilidad. La validez de una medición se establece o cuantifica por métodos lógicos-deductivos, hipotético-exploratorios y por estrategias estadísticas. El proceso es de carácter iterativo, en relación a las categorías o tipo de validez implicadas. Las aplicaciones profesionales del tema de la validez de la medición se refieren al proceso global del examen clínico, hipótesis diagnóstica, medición de resultados clínicos y a la posibilidad de establecer pronósticos en kinesiología. Es necesario que kinesiólogos, educadores y estudiantes de kinesiología, así como administrativos ligados a la actividad kinésica, se familiaricen con los conceptos y aspectos prácticos de la validez, con el objeto de aumentar la comprensión y habilidad en la aplicación e interpretación correcta de mediciones con objetivos clínicos y de investigación.
Subject(s)
HumansABSTRACT
Chronic respiratory diseases are an important problem in Chile, causing disability and worsening the quality of life. Aim: To validate the Spanish version of the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) to be used in Chilean population. Material and methods: The CRQ was applied to 38 patients with chronic respiratory diseases. At the same time the functional and physiologic status of patients (the 6 Minute Walking Test and spirometry) was assessed in an independent and blinded fashion. Results: CRQ scores were associated with 6 Minute Walking Test and forced expiratory volume results (p <0.01 adjusted by age, sex and smoking). The Internal Consistency analysis showed a Cronbach a between 0.60 and 0.89. Conclusions: Considering the construct validation as an on-going process, the present results give additional evidence supporting the use of the CRQ in Chilean population to evaluate the health-related quality of life of patients with chronic respiratory diseases (Rev Méd Chile 2003; 131: 1243-50).